Despite normal changes in the cardiovascular system, older persons who remain active and physically fit often have the same level cardiovascular functioning as some younger persons. With age, the thickness of the heart wall increases modestly, the arteries stiffen and become less flexible, and there is often a slight increase in blood pressure.

Rather than signals of cardiovascular problems however, researchers have recently come to understand that these changes are more likely signs that the heart is adjusting, not declining, with age. For example, researchers think that the increased wall thickening allows the heart to compensate for the extra stress it bears with age (stress imposed by pumping blood into stiffer blood vessels, for instance).

Read more details about aging
of the heart and blood vessels

Aging affects the functioning of the lungs as well as the ability of the lungs to defend and repair themselves. There is a tendency towards decreased lung elasticity (making lungs work harder) and less oxygen is dissolved in the bloodstream. Similarly to cardiovascular function however, pulmonary function is improved through exercise. Smoking, either when young or old, can accelerate changes in the lungs.

Implications for Older Adults

Older persons who are sedentary can experience reduced function in their heart and lungs. They have decreased chances of being able to remain independent and able to care for themselves. Beginning an exercise program, and quitting smoking, can make an impact on the quality of health even when undertaken as an older adult.

References and Further Resources on Cardiopulmonary Aging

Web Sites

American Heart Association

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Articles & Reports

Levy, Becca R. Hausdorff, Jeffrey M. Hencke, Rebecca. Wei, Jeanne Y. (2000). Reducing cardiovascular stress with positive self-stereotypes of aging. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 55B (4), P205-P213.

National Institute on Aging. (1999). Exercise: a guide from the national institute on aging. Washington, DC: National Institute on Aging.
http://www.nih.gov/nia/health/pubs/nasa-exercise

National Institute on Aging. (1994). Hearts and arteries. Washington, DC: National Institute on Aging.
http://www.nih.gov/nia/health/pubs/hearts-arteries